FOR READERS AGES 12 AND UP
available in many formats, including audibook on Amazon, Aubible, and Apple
Chapter 1
Our story begins a long way from here in China around the year 1890 in the coastal province of Zhejiang that bordered the East China Sea. Tien Fuh Wu, about age 6, was standing on a wharf with her father waiting to board a ferry to Ningbo, the large city south of the Yangtze River delta near where her grandmother lived. Tien and her father were going to pay her grandmother a short visit. Her mother was there to see them off. “Tien’s mother handed her a toothbrush and and a new washrag in a blue bag. Then she began to sob.”[i]
Her mother’s sadness baffled Tien. Tien liked visiting her grandmother who was very prosperous and wore silk and satin gown and bought delicacies for Tien’s family to eat. It was her grandmother’s idea to have Tien’s feet bound as a sign of her refinement and make her more marriageable.
Tien’s comforted her mother, saying, “Don’t cry, Mother, I’m just going to see Grandma and be right back.”[ii]But my mother knew the truth. My father had gambled away the family money and left us poor.
Tien’s father was lying. Boarding the ferry, her father locked her in their cabin and told her to eat her supper. While Tien was locked in the cabin, her father was meeting with a woman and negotiating the sale price of his daughter. Tien screamed to be let out.After the sale was accomplished, then they opened the door and let her out. With much difficulty, as her feet were bound and this crippled her, Tien walked up and down the boat looking for her father but he had left her without saying goodbye. The woman bought Tien to become a mui tsai, a child who would become a household slave. Tien’s father used the money from her sale to pay his gambling debts.
The woman (her owner) took Tien from Ningbo to Shanghai. Tien walked through a set of red gates to a home with a garden. She met another woman there who soaked off the tight cloth binding around Tien’s feet. These strips were almost never removed when Tien washed her feet. So when the strips came off, Tien’s feet smelled terrible and looked even worse. They were squashed.
The practice of foot binding had been afflicting Chinese woman for close to a thousand years. First, the young girl’s toes were broken and her feet were slowly and painfully bent into tiny, three-inch long appendages—about half the length of a pencil or the size of a small clenched fist.[iii]
The woman who took off the foot bindings told Tien to soak her feet several times a day in a bucket of water to help her feet to expand back to normal. Tien was touched by the Shanghai woman’s kindness. The woman didn’t ask Tien to work.
In 1892, yet a third woman came into the picture. She traveled with Tien on a steamer bound for San Francisco where she would become a mui tsai, a domestic slave girl. There were many Chinese immigrants in San Francisco. They came in large numbers in the 1850’s during the California Gold Rush. Some worked for low wages in the mines, and others worked hard to build the transcontinental railroad, and they didn’t make enough money to transport their wives (if they were married) to California. In 1882, most of these Chinese laborers left their families behind in China. Consequently, for every ten Chinese men in San Francisco, there was one Chinese woman[iv].California law at that time prohibited interracial marriages,which heightened the demand for prostitutes.[v] In the spring of 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur. This act provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States.[vi] Chinese criminal syndicates called Tongs, which had begun as a protective association, became a profile human trafficking system in young girls and women into forced labor and prostitution.
The mui tsai system was legal in China and was quickly adopted by the wealthy Chinese merchants of San Francisco. Because of the new immigration act, when Tien arrived in San Francisco she was probably allowed to enter as a ‘paper daughter,’ meaning that she was pretending she was a relative of San Francisco merchant. She was put to work as a servant in the Peking, a brothel in Chinatown. Tien watched as the prostitutes put on their silk or satin gowns and gathered in the brothel’s main ground floor room and sit in front of a big window, facing the street, luring men into the brothel. Tien, probably between the ages of 6 and 10(she did not know her birthdate), didn’t realize what exactly was going on. If the police or white people came, the brothel keeper hid her under a bed and pushed a trunk in front of it to make sure no one saw her. It was dark under the bed.This happened often. Soon the brothel keepers, in debt, sold Tien to another woman who ran an illegal gambling establishment. Tien’s new owner spoke Cantonese but Tien spoke a Wu dialect. Therefore,Tien had difficulty following her instructions.
In her new position, Tien was made to carry “big fat baby on my back” and wash his diapers. Stooping over to wash the diapers was especially hard because the weight of the baby pulled her back. The baby cried an cried. She was powerless. Unfortunately, she turned her anger on the baby and reached behind her and pinched the baby’s bottom as hard as she could. Of course, the baby howled and his mother rushed to see what was the matter. She saw what Tien had done. She pinched Tien’s cheeks and arms then grabbed red-hot tongs and pressed the burning tool into Tien’s arm.
On January 17, 1894, what had happened to Tien reached to the Chinese Presbyterian Mission House. The supervisor was on medical leave. Annie Houseworth was serving in her place. Houseworth set out in the pouring rain accompanied by two police officers and the home’s translator for Jackson Street where the gambling business was located on the ground floor. Above was the apartment where Tien lived. The front door was barricaded. The officers were not deterred. The went into a nearby restaurant, climbed the rickety back stairs, crossed the roof and then headed back down into the premises where they unlocked and opened the front door. They searched the building then reached the apartment on the fourth floor.
When the officers saw the burn marks on Tien’s arm, they wiped back tears. In their line of work, they had seen much abuse, one officer said he’s never seen anything so cruel. Tien’s owner tried to show affection for Tien but the officers and Houseworth knew it was an act. The officers and Houseworth left without taking Tien with them because they thought she was too tiny to be the twelve-year girl they were searching for. The woman who reported Tien’s condition was upset they left without her. The group returned a second time and undressed Tien, finding black-and blue marks all over her small body, scarring on her face and signs that the owner had tortured her by dripping hot wax from a burning candle on her arms. They were convinced they had the right girl. One of the officers lifted her up into his sturdy arms and carried her though the wet streets to the Mission Home. “I was scared to death,” she said. “All the strangers and I didn’t know where I was going.[vii]”She did not not speak English.
The policeman carried Tien to 933 Sacramento Street, where she discovered fifty girls were squeezed in to the overcrowded former boarding house. They were dozen girls to a room and three girls shared a bed. Houseworth called a doctor to treat Tien’s wounds.
Tien Fuh Wu
In 1894, the mission home moved to more spacious quarters, right across the street at 920 Sacramento Street. Forty-five Chinese and a few Japanese girls were living at the home. It was a Presbyterian Mission and the supervisors not only wanted to rescue these girls from harm but also to convert them to Christianity. There was also a Methodist home in San Francisco. The rescues of prostitutes were causing the Presbyterian home to encounter legal battles with Chinatown’s brothel keepers. The home wanted to retain custody of the young women. The brothel keepers regarded the prostitute as their property.Donaldina Cameron became the supervisor of the Presyterian mission home in 1897 at age 27. hile most attention has been focused on Cameron, her work was made possible by Tien Fuh Wu and other aides, who also took part in dangerous rescues, translated for Cameron, and advocated fortrafficked women.It was nearly dusk on Dec. 14, 1933, when a Chinese teen named Jeung Gwai Ying fled from a hairdresser’s shop to a “safe house” in San Francisco’s Chinatown. Trafficked from China and forced into prostitution, Jeung sought freedom for herself and her unborn child. She was greeted by Tien Fuh Wu, a former slave who’d become a key staffer at the home. In Cantonese, Wu asked the teen to tell her story. Later, Wu would provide support for Jeung as she testified in court against her traffickers, who were convicted. Tien was a pioneer in the anti-human trafficking tade.
Chapter 1
[i] Siler, Julia Flynn, The White Devil’s Daughters : The Women Who Fought Slavery in San Francisco’s Chinatown, First edition. ed. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2019), 83.
[ii] Yung, Judy, Unbound Feet : A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco, Reprint 2020 ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), 39.
[iii] Siler, J. F., 82.
[iv] Ibid., 11.
[v] Ibid.
[vi] “The Chinese Exclusion Act,” National Archives.
[vii] Siler, J. F., 90.
Posted in immigrants, PEOPLE | Tagged human trafficking | 1 Comment »
The Daily Beast has provided a photo gallery of Princess Diana over the years. Had she lived, she would have turned 50 today, July 1, 2011: “Princess Diana’s 50th Birthday(not active).”
Newsweek’s Tina Brown has written a really strange futuristic look at what Diana might have been like at 50: “Diana at 50.”
For other posts on Diana on this blog, Lisa’s History Room, click here.
This is a repost.
Posted in British Royal Family/Nobles, PEOPLE, Prince Charles of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, Prince William & Catherine, Duke & Duchess of Cambridge, Princess Diana, ROYALTY/NOBILITY | Tagged biographies of royalty, British Royal Family/Nobles, Newsweek cover of Princess Diana, pictures of Kate Middleton, pictures of Princess Diana, Priincess Diana's 50th birthday, Princess Diana, the Daily Beast, William and Kate | 4 Comments »
President Lyndon B. Johnson and First Lady Lady Bird Johnson relax at their Stonewall, Texas ranch following LBJ’s election to the Presidency. November, 1964.
When she was First Lady of the United States (1963-69), Lady Bird Johnson felt that she was often in a moving vehicle. In her diary, she wrote:
LBJ Ranch [Stonewall, Texas]
Saturday, April 10, 1965
“We arrived at the Ranch last night around 10:45 on the Jetstar….
[This morning] Sarge and Eunice Shriver, Ann Brinkley, Lyndon, and I helicoptered to San Marcos to Camp Gary, to the dedication of the Job Corps Camp….”
Lady Bird Johnson (1)
First Lady of the United States Lady Bird Johnson and Mathilde Krim are on board a helicopter en route from the Krim Ranch to the LBJ Ranch, near Stonewall, Texas. President Johnson has his back to photographer. November 7, 1966. Photo by Mike Geissinger. LBJ Presidential Library. 3837-37
After some emotional speechifying, the ceremony ended, and, around noon, the group was back in the chopper, flying to yet another of the Johnsons’ many Texas properties. This one – the Haywood Ranch – lay northwest of Austin near Kingsland on Lake Granite Shoals (which, by the end of the month, would be renamed Lake LBJ). Though the Haywood Ranch was 4,500 acres of mostly pasture land, undeveloped, it was a lakeside retreat where President Lyndon Baines Johnson kept his many boats. He loved his boats, maybe as much as he loved his Lincoln Continentals.
LBJ loved packing his boats with guests (especially pretty girls, according to Lady Bird), taking the wheel himself, and zigzagging at top speed across the lake, spray flying, bouncing hard across his wake, oftentimes pulling a skier or two and dropping off guests for a quick dip in the fresh water. Then, around noon, he would head over to Coca-Cola Ranch, slip into the peace of the cove, and – after cutting the throttle – spread out a picnic lunch to enjoy in the warm Texas sun.
At 1:17 p.m., the Presidential party – the Shrivers, the Johnsons, and others – landed at Haywood Ranch. The spring countryside was blanketed in fragrant Texas bluebonnets. LBJ made telephone calls inviting more friends to join the happy party – and to bring bar-b-q and swimsuits. Then the President and guests “went to the boats.” (2)
excerpt from LBJ daily diary for April 10, 1965
President Johnson couldn’t wait to show Eunice Shriver his new toy. It was a “lagoon blue” convertible. Built in Germany, this Amphicar – half-boat, half-car – was one of only 3,878 produced. The President took Mrs. Shriver and Sgt. Paul Glynn out for a spin in his very unusual car. They drove straight from the land out onto the water and the car didn’t sink. Granted, it only went 15 m.p.h. tops, but it managed to keep the water out. It was a hoot and the President loved a hoot.
President Lyndon B. Johnson in the Amphicar with Eunice Kennedy Shriver and Paul Glynn at the Haywood Ranch, near Kingsland, Texas. April 10, 1965. Photo by Yoichi Okamoto. LBJ Presidential Library A263-8.
Joe Califano Jr., then LBJ’s top domestic aide, remembered when the President took him out for a ride in the Amphicar – without LBJ telling him first that it was amphibious:
“The President, with Vicky McCammon in the seat alongside him and me in the back,was now driving around in a small blue car with the top down. We reached a steep incline at the edge of the lake and the car started rolling rapidly toward the water. The president shouted, ‘The brakes don’t work! The brakes won’t hold! We’re going in! We’re going under!’
The car splashed into the water. I started to get out. Just then the car leveled, and I realized we were in an Amphicar. The president laughed. As we putted along the lake then (and throughout the evening), he teased me. “Vicky, did you see what Joe did? He didn’t give a damn about his President. He just wanted to save his own skin and get out of the car.” Then he’d roar. (3)”President LBJ’s Amphicar
LBJ’s Amphicar is displayed at the LBJ Ranch.
Amphibious cars for the civilian population was a trend that never took off.
Sources
(1) Johnson, Lady Bird. A White House Diary. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1970. p. 259.
(2) Lyndon B. Johnson’s daily diary, April 10, 1965. LBJ Presidential Library.
(3) Califano, Joseph A. The Triumph & Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson: The White House Years. NY: Simon and Schuster, 2015.
Posted in Eunice Kennedy and Sargent Shriver, Lyndon Johnson & Lady Bird, PEOPLE | Tagged Amphicar, biography of famous American women, biography of first ladies, biography of presidents, biography of women, Eunice Shriver, Granite Shoals, Johnson Ranch, Joseph Califano Jr., Kennedy women, Kingsland TX, Lady Bird Johnson, Lake LBJ, LBJ, Sargent Shriver, Texas Hill Country | 3 Comments »
Tanaquil Le Clercq, born in Paris to a French father and an American mother, studied dance in NYC. Tanaquil was the name of an Etruscan queen with prophetic powers. Undated photo
In 1944, when fifteen-year-old Tanaquil Le Clercq (1929-2000) was one of ballet master George Balanchine‘s star pupils, she danced the role of a girl stricken with polio in his short piece “Resurgence.” The performance was a March of Dimes benefit held at the Waldorf Astoria in New York City. The music was Mozart‘s String Quintet in G minor, and at the close of the plangent adagio [slow part]…
Balanchine, as the Threat of Polio, came onstage wearing a large black cape and enveloped her [Tanaquil]; she sank to the floor [stricken ill with polio]. In the final movement – a sunny allegro – she reappeared in a wheelchair, children tossed dimes, and she rose and danced again.”1
In 1944, few diseases frightened people more than polio. At that time, there was no cure. Polio struck in the warm summer months, sweeping through towns in epidemics every few years. It was known that polio was highly contagious. What was not known – and was particularly terrifying – was how the virus was transmitted. People did everything they had done in the past to avoid infection but these tactics never worked. They avoided crowds. They stopped going to theatres, swimming pools. Schools closed for weeks at a time.
Though most people recovered quickly from polio, some suffered temporary or permanent paralysis and even death. Many polio survivors were disabled for life. Charities like the March of Dimes raised money to help families deal with their stricken loved ones and to search for a cure. Finally, in 1955, a vaccine became available.
Tanaquil Le Clercq and Nicholas Magallanes in “Jones Beach,” 1950
For the next twelve years, Tanaquil Le Clercq /tan-uh-kill luh-clair/would continue to dazzle audiences of the New York City Ballet with her “perky young vivacity” and “crisp and tangy style.” With her long and limber flamingo legs, Tanaquil Le Clercq – “Tanny” to her friends – defined the Balanchine Ballerina style. Allegra Kent, a young dancer at the time, recalls those limber legs. Once she arrived at ballet class to discover Tanny with a bandage on her nose. Tanny explained her injury, saying that
she had just kicked her leg too high but that she was going to be fine.”2
Tanaquil Le Clercq in her long-limbed beauty, 1953
1954 ad for George Balanchine’s smash hit, The Nutcracker
New York City Ballet, front row, George Balanchine seated next to his muse on the right, prima ballerina Tanaquil Le Clercq, 1952
On New Year’s Eve 1952, Tanny became George Balanchine’s fourth official wife. Every dancer knew she was Balanchine’s favorite, his inspiration to create, his muse. And now she was his wife. She was 23; he was 48.
To understand Tanny’s broad appeal, here is a video clip from one of her 1956 Paris performances. In “Western Symphony,” a satire on the American Wild West, Tanny plays a dance hall girl strutting around a saloon with a cowboy. She has wit:
The Paris performance of “Western Symphony” was part of a 10-week European tour, begun in August 1956, that encompassed Salzburg, Vienna, Zurich, Venice, Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt, Brussels, Antwerp, Paris, Cologne, Copenhagen, and Stockholm. It was an ambitious schedule, brutal and exhausting, especially when prima ballerina Maria Tallchief (Balanchine’s third wife) unexpectedly departed mid-tour and Tanny had to fill in for her. Although most of the dancers had been given the polio vaccine before the trip, Le Clercq decided at the last minute to wait.
Coughing, thin, and tired, Tanny collapsed in Copenhagen. On November 1, she was rushed to the hospital. She fell into a coma and could not breathe on her own. They placed her in an iron lung. Tanny had contracted polio. She was 27.
The iron lung ward at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital in Downey, CA, ca 1953. (Photo: PBS)
It made international news. “Tanaquil Le Clercq Stricken With Polio,” reported the New York Times on November 2, 1956. The dance world was shocked.
Tanny remained in the Blegdamshospitalet (Copenhagen Polio Hospital) for four and a half months before returning home. Although she survived the disease, she was permanently paralyzed from the waist down. The most beautiful dancer of the New York City Ballet would never walk again. Tanny, who had danced ballet since the age of 7, would never again dance. Her career was over.
But not her marriage. Balanchine took a year off to take care of Tanny himself. Deeply mystical, he could not shake the feeling that he had somehow played an evil part in her fate. He recalled that March of Dimes performance twelve years before when he had played the part of the Threat of Polio. He had reached out his foul hand and laid it on Tanny, afflicting her in what then seemed then but an innocent little play.
‘It was an omen,’ he would later say. ‘It foretold the future.'” 3
However, in the March of Dimes play, after the shower of dimes was bestowed on the wheelchair-bound Tanny, she retrieved her ballet slippers, put them on, and danced joyfully across then off the stage.
‘It was, alas, a balletic finale.’ Balanchine reflected. ‘Nothing like that ending will happen in Tanny’s real life.'” 3
Tanaquil Le Clercq and husband George Balanchine in an undated photo. They would divorce.
1 “Dancing Around the Truth” by Holly Brubach. The New York Times, February 15, 1012.
2 “Tanaquil Le Clercq.” Ballet Encyclopedia online.
3 Taper, Bernard. Balanchine: a Biography. University of California Press, 1996.
Posted in George Balanchine, PEOPLE, Tanaquil Le Clercq | Tagged ballet, biographies of ballet dancers, biographies of women, fear of polio, George Balanchine, Hershy Kay, iron lung, March of Dimes, Maria Tallchief, pbs, polio, Tanaquil Le Clercq, The New York City Ballet, Western Symphony | 3 Comments »
Clara Barton, ca. 1850
After a decade of teaching in Massachusetts, Clara Barton moved to New York for a year to study at the Clinton Liberal Institute. In 1851, she took a teaching job in Hightstown, New Jersey, at Cedarville School, where her pay was $2 per student for each eleven-week session. New Jersey offered no public education.
Clara began campaigning for public education in New Jersey. She successfully lobbied the Trenton officials and obtained a building and the funds to run a public school in Bordentown as a pilot project. In one year, the program proved to be such a success that local leaders looked to hiring a principal. Instead of hiring Clara, though, they appointed a man who had came from another place.
Clara Barton’s public school in Bordentown, New Jersey.
In 1854, Clara resigned. She became so distressed at having been passed over for the principalship that she became very ill and was unable to speak or to work. Finally, Clara and another teacher left New Jersey and boarded a train to Washington to find work as governesses.
Clara networked. She met with her Massachusetts congressman, Alexander De Witt, who was also a distant cousin. De Witt then introduced her to Charles Mason, the Commissioner of Patents. Mason wanted to hire Clara to go to Iowa to be the governess to his daughter. But De Witt saw enormous potential in Clara and urged Mason to hire Clara to work in the Patent office as a recording clerk. She was hired. Clara then became one of the first women to work for the federal government.
The U.S. Patent Office
Clara’s job at the Patent Office meant copying volumes of technical legal text with pen and ink. She had beautiful penmanship and a strong work ethic so she was up to the task. As if this work was not tedious enough, she had to contend with some male colleagues who resented what they perceived as her intrusion into their masculine domain. As she walked to and from her desk, they would spit tobacco juice at her and her skirts, make lewd remarks, and puffed cigar smoke in her face. Nevertheless, Clara soldiered on.
Examiners working at the Patent Office.
Despite her fortitude, these men succeeded in forcing her from the workplace. She was reassigned to work from her boardinghouse room, by candlelight, at lesser pay. In 1857, President Buchanan was inaugurated and she lost her clerkship, but, for a time, she had made the same yearly salary as the men.
She returned to Massachusetts for three years. But she was not done with Washington, D.C.
This is a repost.
Clara Barton is featured in my book, When People Were Things: Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln, and the Emancipation Proclamation. Click here to purchase.
Posted in Clara Barton, Clara Barton, MEDICINE, PEOPLE, POLITICS & GOV'T, The American Civil War | Tagged Clara Barton, preCivil War, sexism in the workplace, U.S. Patent Office, When People Were Things | Leave a Comment »
Readers: I will be blogging about people who appear in my upcoming book, When People Were Things, but include here different stories than are in the book.
Attack against Fort Sumter, 1861, Currier & Ives
On April 12, 1861, the South Carolina militia fired from shore on the Union garrison of Fort Sumter in the Charleston Harbor. The Battle of Fort Sumter were the first shots fired that sparked the Civil War. Days later, President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 militia men into national service for 90 days to put down the Southern insurrection.
The Northern response among the free states was wildly enthusiastic. War fever took hold. Whereas Lincoln has asked the Indiana governor for 6 regiments, the governor offered 12. At the onset of the war, Washingtonians bit their nails, so nakedly exposed to danger, as neighbor Virginia (to the west) joined the Confederacy and Marylanders (to the north and east) in Baltimore viciously attacked Union troops on their way to defend the federal capital.
The influx of the militia corps took the U.S. War Department by surprise. The new Union soldiers needed food, uniforms, mattresses, blankets, stove, cooking utensils, weapons, tents, knapsacks, overcoats, hammocks, bags, and cots on a massive scale.(1) For starters, where were the soldiers flooding into Washington, D.C. to camp? Massachusetts militia men, the first to arrive, found quarters in the Capitol, where the top of the unfinished wooden dome had been left off for ventilation The men of the First Rhode Island Regiment found quarters inside the U.S. Patent Office, spreading their bunks beside the “cabinets of curiosities.” (2)
The Rhode Islanders sleep alongside models submitted with patent applications, causing much damage, and tremendous broken glass.
(1) Leech, Margaret. Reveille in Washington, 86.
(2) Ibid, 83.
This is a repost.
Posted in Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln, PEOPLE, The American Civil War | Tagged fort sumter, President Abraham Lincoln, rhode island regiment, The American Civil War, When People Were Things | Leave a Comment »
What’s Prince Philip’s favorite drink? https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2012/11/the-royal-familys-favourite-drinks/Check out our quiz to see how much you know about the Royal Family:
1. In which battle did George VI fight?
A. The First Battle of Ypres
B. The Battle of Loos
C. The Battle of Jutland
D. The Battle of Tumbledown
Queen Elizabeth II loves corgis.
2. What was the name of the first royal corgi, which was given to the Queen on her 18th birthday in 1944?
A. Sinbad
B. Susan
C. Senator
D. Sonata
Queen Victoria celebrates her fiftieth year on the throne in 1887 at her Golden Jubilee. Queen Victoria lived from 1819-1901.
3. Who succeeded Queen Victoria?
A. Prince Albert
B. Edward VII
C. George V
D. Edward VIII
4. Of how many countries is the Queen head of state?
A. Four
B. Eight
C. 16
D. 21
5. What title did the British monarch also have until 1947?
A. King of India
B. Imperial Sovereign
C. Monarch of Asia
D. Emperor of India
6. In which naval engagement during World War II was Prince Philip mentioned in despatches?
A. Battle of Cape Matapan
B. Battle of Cape Potsandpans
C. Battle of Cape Cod
D. Battle of Barents Sea
The Duchess and Duke of Windsor in exile in France, years after the Duke AKA King Edward VIII abdicated the British throne in 1936.
7. What was Edward VIII’s relationship to his successor, George VI?
A. First cousin
B. Father
C. Elder brother
D. Younger brother
8. What was the Queen Mother’s maiden name?
A. Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
B. Lady Elizabeth Glamis
C. Lady Elizabeth Bows
D. The Countess of Strathmore
9. Which king reigned throughout World War I?
A. Edward VII
B. George V
C. George VI
D. George VII
10. What relation is Prince Charles to George VI?
A. Maternal grandson
B. Paternal grandson
C. Maternal nephew
D. Paternal great-grandson
11. How old was the Queen when she came to the throne?
A. 55
B. 45
C. 35
D. 25
12. Who did the Duke and Duchess of Windsor meet at Berchtesgaden in 1937?
A. Adolf Hitler
B. Charlie Chaplin
C. Tsar of Russia
D. Winston Churchill
13. In which war did Prince Andrew fight as a helicopter pilot?
A. Gulf War
B. Iraq War
C. Falklands War
D. Korean War
14. What was the name of the royal yacht decommissioned in 1997?
A. Britannia
B. Queen Elizabeth
C. Elizabeth and Philip
D. Queen Mary
15. What is Prince Philip’s favorite drink?
A. Bass
B. Brandy (Greek, of course)
C. Boddingtons
D. Bacardi
16. In which war did the Royal Family change their dynastic title from Saxe-Coburg to Windsor?
A. Boer War
B. World War I
C. World War II
D. Cold War
17. What was the maiden name of Diana, Princess of Wales?
A. Lady Diana Spencer
B. Diana, Lady Spencer
C. The Lady Diana
D. The Lady Spencer
18. Why is Prince Michael of Kent not in the line of succession to the throne?
A. He converted to Islam
B. He married a Roman Catholic
C. He became a Zoroastrian
D. He married without the Queen’s permission
19. What was the name of the most famous of Edward VII’s mistresses when he was Prince of Wales?
A. Lily Crabtree
B. Nell Gwynn
C. Mary Robinson
D. Lillie Langtry
20. Which monarch of the House of Windsor has reigned the longest?
A. Edward VII
B. George V
C. George VI
D. Elizabeth II
21. How old was the Queen Mother when she died in 2002?
A. 90
B. 95
C. 75
D. 101
22. Where was the then Princess Elizabeth staying when she heard of the death of her father George VI in 1952?
A. Treetops Game Reserve in Kenya
B. Stardust Casino in Las Vegas
C. Government House in Auckland, New Zealand
D. Ice Station Zebra in Antarctica
23. What post does the monarch hold in the Church of England?
A. Supreme Pontiff
B. Senior Governor
C. Supreme Ruler
D. Supreme Governor
Queen Elizabeth’s little sister, Princess Margaret, enjoying her bath.
24. Who did the Queen’s sister marry?
A. Antony Armstrong-Andrews, Lord Snowdon
B. Andrew Armstrong-Jones, Lord Mountbatten
C. Andrew Armstrong-Jones, Lord Snowdon
D. Antony Armstrong-Jones, Lord Snowdon
25. What was Prince Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick, later Edward VIII, called by his family?
A. Edward
B. Bertie
C. Albert
D. David
26. Who was prime minister at the time of the Abdication Crisis?
A Stanley Baldwin
B Neville Chamberlain
C Winston Churchill
D Ramsay Macdonald
Queen Elizabeth II is greeted by Winston and Clementine Churchill as she arrives for a dinner given at 10 Downing Street on April 4, 1955. In leading his guests in the loyal toast to Her Majesty, Churchill noted that as a young cavalry officer he had proposed similar toasts during the reign of her great-great grandmother, Queen Victoria. He resigned as Prime Minister on the following day.
27. How many prime ministers have served under the Queen?
A. 13
B. 10
C. 14
D. 12
28. Who is The Keeper of the Royal Conscience?
A. The Archbishop of Canterbury
B. Prince Philip
C. The Prince of Wales
D. Ken Clarke
This is a repost.
ANSWERS: 1 C. 2 B. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 A. 7 C. 8 A. 9 B. 10 A. 11 D. 12 A. 13 C. 14 A. 15 C. 16 B. 17 A. 18 B. 19 D. 20 D. 21 D. 22 A. 23 D. 24 D. 25 D. 26 A. 27 A. 28 D (as Lord Chancellor).
Source: The Daily Mail, Jan. 11, 2011
Readers: For more on the British Royal Family on this blog, click here.
11th January 2011
Posted in Duke and Duchess of Windsor, the, King George VI, PEOPLE, Prince Charles of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince William & Catherine, Duke & Duchess of Cambridge, Princess Diana, Queen Elizabeth II, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mum, Queen Victoria & Prince Albert, ROYALTY/NOBILITY | Tagged biographies of royalty, Duke of Edinburgh, King Edward VIII, King George VI, pictures of Princess Diana, pictures of the Queen, Prince Charles, Prince Philip, Prince William, Princess Diana, Princess Margaret, Queen Elizabeth II, the British Royal Family, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, the Queen and corgis, the Queen Mother | 3 Comments »
“The Landing of H.R.H. the Princess Alexandra at Gravesend, March 7, 1863,” by Henry Nelson O’Neil, 1864.
When Princess Alexandra of Denmark arrived on English soil in 1863 to marry the Prince of Wales, the heir of Queen Victoria, she was the very picture of modesty. No jewelry was visible and she wore a handmade bonnet. Alexandra may have been Danish royalty, but she wasn’t rich. Matter of fact, her family had lived on handouts to get by. She was shy, kind, and very beautiful. Everyone loved her immediately.
Queen Victoria of Great Britain, 1873
When Alexandra joined the British royal family, over two years had passed since Queen Victoria‘s husband, Prince Albert, had died. Yet Victoria was still plunged into deep mourning. Victoria had wished she had died with her beloved Albert. Upon his death, she had renounced all pleasures and vowed to wear dreary black crape dresses the rest of her life as a token of mourning. She spent many of her waking hours kneeling in Albert’s carefully-preserved bedroom, crying and pleading with God to help her. (See “Queen Victoria in the Blue Room with a Bust.”)
Alexandra discovered that Victoria had amassed an enormous jewelry collection. But, after Albert’s death, the Queen had became convinced that excessive display of jewels awakened anti-monarchial feelings in the English people. Princess Alexandra tried to convince her to wear her pretty, glittering things but to no avail. Famously, Victoria refused to wear a crown to the Thanksgiving service honoring her 1887 Golden Jubilee. The Queen of Great Britain arrived at the state ceremony wearing a bonnet.
Whereas Victoria had renounced all pleasures, Princess Alexandra had just begun to live. She had grown up poor and now she was rich and the future Queen of England! She was not about to be sucked into Victorian mourning dress. Although her husband, “Bertie,” was a serial adulterer, Alexandra accepted his infidelity and got on with her life, moving with him from party to party with the artsy crowd. Dressing herself in fine jewels and frivolous clothes became her passion – and she indulged herself completely.
Queen Alexandra at her Coronation, 1902
Initially, Princess (later Queen) Alexandra adopted dog collar chokers, called a ‘collier de chien’ to cover a small scar on her neck. For state and formal occasions, though, she plastered herself from head to waist in necklaces, tiaras, ribbons, sashes, and brooches of pearls, diamonds, and other jewels. Her long strings of pearls became her signature look. Alexandra became quite popular and women copied her style and bearing. American tycoon Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr., remarked that:
Queen Alexandra “possessed the world’s most perfect shoulders and bosom for the display of jewels.”
This is a repost.
Readers: “Queen Victoria’s Tiny Crown” follows this post.
Posted in Queen Alexandra & King Edward VII, Queen Victoria & Prince Albert | Tagged biographies of queens, biographies of royalty, British History, British Royal Family/Nobles, king edward vii, pictures of Queen Alexandra, pictures of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, princess alexandra of denmark, queen alexandra, Queen Alexandra's jewels, Queen Victoria, royal fashion, royal jewelry, Victorian mourning customs | 15 Comments »
Lady Diana Spencer was understandably nervous about marrying Charles, Prince of Wales (b. 1948). Following their February 24, 1981, engagement announcement, Diana’s whole world was turned upside down. In a flash, nineteen-year-old Diana went from part-time nanny and nursery school teacher to the future Queen of England. Two days later, she kissed freedom goodbye forever. “Shy Di” moved out of her flat at No. 60 Coleburne Court, said a hasty goodbye to her 3 giddy roommates, and moved into Buckingham Palace, where she was sequestered for the five months leading up to her July 29 wedding, protected from the press. (1)
In their first public appearance together following their February 1981 engagement announcement, Lady Diana Spencer and Prince Charles attended a Royal Opera benefit at London’s Goldsmith Hall. Lady Diana shocked the crowd by appearing in a low-cut, strapless black taffeta evening gown. “The Dress” made headlines: “Lady Di Takes the Plunge,” screamed the front page of The Daily Mirror, with splendid photos of “Shy Di” spilling out of her revealing gown.
Throughout the spring, the Palace courtiers gave Diana lessons on how to be a princess. They advised her of her royal engagements, which would average 170 a year and would include Ascot, Trooping the Color, Badminton Horse Trials, Opening of Parliament, Chelsea Flower Show, Wimbledon, hospital benefits, charities, and anything for the military. They guided her through the maze of royal rules: wear hats in public and bright colors to stand out; wave from the elbow, not the wrist; never use a public lavatory.
‘The worst thing about being a princess,’ said Diana years later, ‘is having to pee.'”(1)
They handed her stacks of history books to read about her future role as Princess of Wales.
27th March 1981: Charles, Prince of Wales, his fiancee Lady Diana Spencer, and Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace, London, after she gave her consent for their wedding.
It was all too much for Diana. She longed to be with Charles, who was often unavailable, having embarked on a 5-week tour of the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, among his other royal duties. The Royal Family – when they were at the Palace, each with their own separate apartments – did nothing to help her feel at home. In fairness, each of the royals did have their own very busy schedules. Nevertheless, Diana was cut off from ordinary companionship. She felt insecure, lonely, and afraid.
I missed my girls [roommates] so much I wanted to go back there and sit and giggle and borrow clothes and chat about silly things, just being in my safe shell again….I couldn’t believe how cold everyone was [at Buckingham Palace].” (2)
Lady Diana Spencer (l.) walks with Camilla Parker-Bowles at Ludlow Racecourse in 1980, where Prince Charles was competing.
Along with palace isolation and wedding jitters, Diana agonized over whether Charles was still in love with his married mistress, Camilla Parker Bowles, although Charles swore their affair was a thing of the past. How could that be true, wondered Diana. Camilla telephoned Charles constantly and he always took her calls in private. Camilla and her husband were often included as weekend house guests at Sandringham, the royal family country house. Camilla haunted Diana and Charles’s courtship days.
Diana befriended Charles’s righthand man, Michael Colborne, peppering him with questions about Charles’s relationship with Camilla. Diana became bulimic from the worry and lost twenty pounds in just three months. She became weak and emotionally labile.
Camilla Shand as a debutante in 1965. She and Prince Charles met in 1970 and considered marriage. Lord Louis Mountbatten advised Charles against marrying the love of his life, citing Camilla’s wild past and lack of aristocratic lineage.
Her fears over Camilla increased when, tucked among the wedding presents in the office Diana shared with Colborne, Diana discovered a curious little parcel. Over fierce objections from Colborne, she opened it, only to discover a gold bracelet with a lapis pendant engraved with the initials “F” and “G” entwined.
Diana became enraged. She knew the significance of the two letters: earlier friends had informed her that “F” and “G” stood for “Fred and Gladys,” the pet nicknames Charles and Camilla had for each other. Diana pressed Colborne about the gift:
‘I know it’s for Camilla,’ she said. ‘So why won’t you admit it? What does it mean? Why is Charles doing this?'” (2)
Colborne refused to answer any more questions, other than to admit that he had ordered the gift at Charles’s request. Diana was livid with jealousy.
She confronted Charles. He said he had indeed ordered the bracelet from Asprey’s for Camilla and was going to give it to her in person to signal the end of their relationship. He maintained it was a farewell gift but Diana didn’t believe him. They quarreled and she withdrew in tears.
Diana, Princess of Wales (1961-1997) in an undated photo.
The wedding day was bearing down on Diana like a freight train. Her fairytale was morphing into a nightmare. There wasn’t time enough to process all the change that was taking place in her young life.
Her weight plummeted. She became wisp-thin. Her bridal gown with its 25-foot train, puffy sleeves, and ivory taffeta was almost ready, although the dressmakers had to keep taking in the seams due to Diana’s dramatic weight loss. Between the first and last fittings, Diana’s waist shrank from 29 inches to 23-and-a-half inches.
In June, two weeks before her wedding, Diana attended Ascot Week where she was treated by the public and the media like an international film star.
Lady Diana attends Royal Ascot for the first time, June 1981.
Everyone was fascinated with this new breed of royalty. Diana was fresh, lovely, and natural. She had a real English rose complexion. Her larkiness was such a refreshing change of pace from the stodgy Royal Family with all their rules and stiffness.
But the crush of the crowd and the press, who trailed her at every outing, distressed Diana:
‘During tea at the back of the royal box at the races she was practically in tears and had to be escorted home early.'” (3)
Lady Diana Spencer watches Prince Charles play polo at Tidworth during their engagement. The wedding is four days later. Photo: July 25, 1981
On Monday, July 28, 1981, the day before her wedding, Diana lunched with her sisters while Charles met with Camilla with the gift. Diana confided to her sisters that she didn’t want to marry someone who was still in love with his mistress.
‘It’s bad luck, Duch,’ said her sister Sarah, using the family nickname for Diana. “Your face is on the tea towels, so you’re too late to chicken out now.”” (2)
It was too late to chicken out by the time Lady Diana Spencer considered breaking her engagement to Prince Charles. Her face was on the tea-towels already.
As Sarah pointed out, it was too late. England was awash in kitchy wedding memorabilia featuring the royal couple’s photos. London was crawling with tourists and international journalists and television crews. Sadly, there was no turning back for Diana.
The wedding went ahead as scheduled at St. Paul’s Cathedral. The Queen had sent 2,500 invitations to friends, families, and heads of state, plus the crowned heads of Europe. The ceremony was telecast to 750 million people. On that July day, Lady Diana Spencer (1961-1997) became newly titled as Diana, Princess of Wales. She outranked all other women in the realm, except Queen Elizabeth II and the Queen Mother. (1)
Wedding Bells chimed on July 29, 1981, when Lady Diana Spencer married Charles, Prince of Wales, at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London.
Diana was right to have been worried about Camilla breaking up her marriage. Shortly after marrying Diana – some say five years later, others, that they never stopped seeing each other – the Prince resumed his relationship with Camilla. The marriage was long over before the royal Wales divorced in 1996.
(1) Kelley, Kitty. The Royals. New York: Warner Books, Inc., 1997.
(2) Morton, Andrew. Diana – Her True Story – In Her Own Words. Michael O’Mara Books, Ltd., 2003.
(3) Bradford, Sarah. Elizabeth: A Biography of Her Majesty The Queen. New York: Riverhead Books, 1996.
Readers: For more on Princess Diana, click here.
This is a repost.
Posted in PEOPLE, Prince Charles of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, Princess Diana, ROYALTY/NOBILITY | Tagged biographies of royalty, British Royal Family/Nobles, Camilla Parker Bowles, Camilla's bracelet, death of Princess Diana, F and G bracelet, Prince Charles, Prince Charles and Camilla, Princess Diana, Princess Diana's wedding, Queen Elizabeth | 31 Comments »
Princess Margaret, 1980
Hopes ran high for Princess Margaret of Great Britain‘s October 1979 fundraising tour in America. The cause was the London‘s Royal Opera House at Covent Garden, a centerpiece of world opera and ballet. By 1979, backstage conditions at the 120-year-old building had become “rather grotty” said the Princess’ 30-year-old nephew, Prince Charles, and terribly cramped. Money was needed to construct an extension to contain rehearsal studios for both the Royal Opera chorus and the Royal Ballet dancers, modern dressing rooms, and improved wardrobe maintenance and storage areas. In her role as President of the Royal Ballet, Margaret was tapped to harness her star power among American “art cats” to rustle up another £4,000 to add to the £12,000 already raised by the Royal Opera House Development Appeal in the previous four years. In response, the American Friends of Covent Garden had sold advance tickets for one formal dinner at each of five stops in Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Cleveland where Princess Margaret would be the guest of honor. The film, “Prince Charles Backstage at Covent Garden,” would be shown to highlight the downtrodden state of affairs at the Opera House.
Princess Margaret is to be in the Venetian Room at the Fairmont [Hotel] on Monday, October 22 for a dinner dance. $500 tickets. For tickets, write Mrs. Gordon Getty [Ann]. (1)
Princess Margaret speaks to David Wall of the Royal Ballet, 1978
As Princess Margaret (1926-2002) was not traveling as a representative of her government, the trip was semi-private and somewhat relaxed. There would be both times of pleasure and of duty. Margaret would attend the Lyric Opera of Chicago where Leontyne Price and Luciano Pavarotti would perform. In Houston, she would visit the NASA space center, have a luncheon with former First Lady Lady Bird Johnson, and witness open heart surgery at St. Luke’s Hospital. In Los Angeles, she would unveil a plaque at a new Rolls Royce Facility. She would travel outside Cleveland to a horse farm. Social doyennes jockeyed for the opportunity to throw the Princess a cocktail party, dinner, or luncheon. She would mingle with Hollywood stars. The charity, Les Dames de Champagne, in Los Angeles scored a coup when the Princess’ social secretary squeezed their charity event into Margaret’s busy schedule:
On the evening of Saturday, October 20, Les Dames will play hostesses to H.R.H. Princess Margaret who’ll attend their reception upstairs at Bullocks Wilshire Los Angeles and promenade her royal presence past some interesting “international tasting tables”…It had originally been scheduled for Sunday, October 21 but when Les Dames founder Wanda Henderson read about the Princess’ visit to L.A., she got on the phone to the British consul general’s office and the wheels began to spin…[H]alf of the money raised will go to the Princess’ cause. (2)
Yet not everyone in America was as excited about Her Royal Highness’s impending visit. One reader of the L.A. Times wrote to the paper’s editor:
I resent Princess Margaret invading our country to beg money for refurbishing and expanding…[the] Royal Opera House….Princess Margaret inherited a fortune in jewels from her grandmother, the late Queen Mary. I wonder why she and her sister, Queen Elizabeth, don’t sell some of their jewels to restore some of their famous landmarks. (3)
American gossip columnists got a lot of mileage covering Princess Margaret’s love life:
Reader: I have been fascinated with that romance between Princess Margaret and her young boyfriend Roddy Llewellyn. Is that still going on?”(M.A., Greenwood, Louisiana.)
Columnist: I wouldn’t call it a romance. The royalty grapevine insists that Roddy is amusing and keeps the Princess diverted. They still are companionable and had been vacationing at a secluded villa on Spain’s Costa del Sol. (4)
Yet American gossip columnists enjoyed trashing Margaret in print, gleefully reporting the breakdown of her unhappy marriage with her former husband, the internationally-acclaimed photographer Anthony Armstrong-Jones (Lord Snowdon) and their bitter July 1978 divorce.
At left, Tony Armstrong-Jones (Lord Snowdon) watches as his fiancee at the time, Princess Margaret, takes a photograph at the Badminton Horse Trials. ca. 1960
Gossip columnists were keen to report Margaret’s fashion sense in their articles, often inserting subtly-catty remarks.
On a gray day, she wore…white platform sandals that showed the heel reinforcements in her hose….Before she plunged in to shake hands with everyone there, she extracted a cigarette holder and a cigarette case from her white ostrich-patterned bag. The Princess is adept at clenching the cigarette holder between her teeth as she lights up…. (5)
Her Royal Highness Princess Margaret, The Countess of Snowdon, the maverick in Britain’s royal family, will be back in L.A. Wednesday evening….[S]he is petite and inclined to plumpness….[with] startling blue eyes and a lovely British complexion. (6)
The timing of Margaret’s October arrival in America should have been favorable to her fund drive. The Royal Ballet that had just wound up its exceedingly successful North American summer tour on August 5 in Mexico City. For six days in late July, the company had performed in the Los Angeles Shrine Auditorium, their repertoire including the ever-popular Shakespeare tragedy, “Romeo & Juliet.” The premiere had been at 8:30 p.m. on July 24, 1979. L.A. Times gossip columnist Jody Jacobs reviewed the premiere two days later with this headline: “Warm Hello for Royal Ballet.”
English dancer Marguerite Porter became Senior Principal Ballerina at The Royal Ballet in 1978.
Jody Jacobs was not kidding about warmth! This was the first big event in which President Carter‘s strict temperature controls had been put in effect. Temperatures had soared into the 80s that day in L.A. with hazy sunshine predominating. The air conditioning thermostat in the Shrine had been set at the federally-mandatory 78 degrees. The Shrine, which had been “magically staged as an English Maytime tent,” became, in that summery, smoggy heat, a “giant communal steam bath.” The ballet fans were packed into their seats, wearing their best clothes, sweating profusely, mopping brows, dabbing at armpits. Middle-aged women suffered menopausal hot flashes and fanned themselves with the evening’s program. Nevertheless, aside from a few good-natured grumbles, the soggy but devoted ballet patrons and the dancers, in the spirit of the English, remembered to
Keep Calm and Carry On
Ironically, an article on menopausal health appeared in the L.A. Times alongside Jacobs’ review, with the headline,
Estrogen Useful
Later that week, Governor Jerry Brown of California would fill out the necessary paperwork to challenge President Carter in the 1980 Democratic primary. (President Carter would keep the Democratic nomination but he would not go on to win a second term.)
On August 21, 1979, just seven weeks before she disembarked for America, Princess Margaret celebrated her 49th birthday with her children, David, 17, and Sarah, 15, at Balmoral Castle, the Scottish holiday home of the British royal family. Margaret’s sister, Queen Elizabeth II, was there, as was her husband, Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh. In her role as head of the British Commonwealth, the Queen had just returned from tense negotiations in Lusaka, Zambia, to discuss the Rhodesian conflict, where there was tremendous anti-British feeling.
Queen Elizabeth II on a state visit to Botswana, summer 1979. See Prince Philip on our left and Prince Andrew on our right. SERGE LEMOINEGETTY IMAGES
Guerrilla forces were operating out of bases in Zambia and the Queen had put herself at great risk. The Queen arrived two days ahead of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, the first female prime minister of England. As was her custom, the Queen hosted a banquet and reception for all forty-two African leaders. Behind the scenes, she held private talks, bringing down the temperature so significantly in the negotiations that Thatcher called for a constitutional convention in London in September to pave the way for Rhodesian independence.
In a little over a month, Princess Margaret and six others would hop on a British Airways Concorde jet and fly from London to the U.S. to begin her fundraising swing through the States. The Princess’ lady-in-waiting, Lady Annabel Whitehead, had been steadily packing the Princess’ jewels, purses, shoes, and outfits in the 27 trunks that she would need for such a variety of appearances. Everything was falling in place and the Princess was looking forward to some good press.
Roddy Llewellyn and Princess Margaret not long after they met in 1973. Picture: SuppliedSource: News Corp Australia
Margaret had significant image problems at home. A recent poll had put her dead-last in royal family popularity, even below her niece, Princess Anne. The public disapproved of her romance with Roddy Llewellyn, an aspiring pop singer and gardener seventeen years her junior, who, just a month before Margaret turned 49, in July, had had his drivers’ license revoked for 18 months. The previous February, he had been arrested for drunk driving after he crashed his Ford van into an unmarked police car in Kensington High Street, London. Roddy had sped away and the police had given chase. Roddy’s car had skidded to a halt when it ran into a cement median in Highbridge. Roddy was fined a measly £12.25 but not being able to drive was proving to be hard on his gardening business as he needed it to haul soil, pots, and plants to landscaping sites. For months, Roddy’s drink-driving incident had been splashed across newspapers internationally. Even worse, the passenger in Roddy’s car that fateful night was a married woman whose husband later filed for divorce naming Roddy as his wife’s seducer.
Also that same July, Lord Snowdon (“Tony”) and his new wife, Lucy Lindsay Hogg, gave birth to a baby girl, garnering sweet headlines. Even worse, the baby would be christened just days before Margaret was landing in America. There would be photographs of Tony, Lucy, and the baby, Lady Frances at the ceremony, where Tony and Margaret’s daughter, Lady Sarah Armstrong, was to be named as the baby’s godmother.
Lord Snowdon and his second wife Lucy Lindsay Hogg shown shortly after their December 1978 marriage. She is expecting a baby.
Then, in November, when Margaret had left America, Tony would arrive in America on a book tour.
Both Margaret and Tony craved constant attention and competed for center stage. Now Tony-Cheating Tony-was getting nothing but glowing press.
A London writer was calling for Margaret’s exile to America where, the writer said, the people had the bad taste needed to appreciate her.
Princess Margaret needed to get out of England. She needed an image makeover. Photos of her relaxing at her private home on the island of Mustique in the Caribbean were making their way into the tabloids.
Princess Margaret, center. Colin Tennant in white hat, to the left. Anne Tennant, short blond hair, to the right. Roddy Llewellyn stands behind Anne. On the island of Mustique where the Princess had a home, the land of which was a gift from the Tennants.
As President of the Royal Ballet, Margaret would be mingling with the rich and well-connected Americans; their cachet would build up her profile. Perhaps association with cultured ballet and opera folk could erase some of the damage done to her reputation by those photos that had appeared in The Daily Mail the previous fall. She had been at the Glen, the Scottish home of Anne and Colin Tennant, at a private costume party with Bianca Jagger and Roddy. Wearing a slinky black dress and blonde wig, she had channeled American sex goddess Mae West, crooning seductively, “Come Up and See Me Some Time.” Anne, the hostess at the Glen, was one of the Princess’ ladies-in-waiting. She snapped some pictures of the fun time. Unfortunately, Anne’s oldest son, Charlie, had a serious heroin addiction and wanted money to buy drugs. He found the photos that his mother had tucked away in her drawer and stole them. Through an intermediary, they were sold to the press.
Margaret longed to return to America, and, in particular, to Hollywood (“Tinsel Town”) where she was popular and the movie star men were so good-looking. Writer Gore Vidal, a lifelong close ally of the Princess, said of her love for Hollywood,
Like many British royals, she was fascinated by the place.
Read the next installment: Princess Margaret’s Trip to America, 1979, Part Two: Lord Louis Mountbatten
Readers: For more on this blog about Princess Margaret, click here.
Readers: “The Queen Mother and the Rogue Kiss” tells of the 1977 visit by President Jimmy Carter to meet the Queen and family.
Readers: For more on the British Royal Family, click here. This is a repost.
Sources:
- San Francisco Examiner, October 4, 1979
- Jody Jacobs’ column, L.A. Times, Sept. 21, 1979
- Virginia Cohen, Santa Monica. LA Times, Letters to the Editor, September 22, 1979
- Robin Adams Sloan’s column, The Indianapolis News, September 14, 1979
- L. A. Times, October 22, 1979, “Party Notes,” IV, page 6
- L.A. Times, Oct. 16, 1979
Posted in Anthony Armstrong-Jones, British Royal Family/Nobles, Margaret Thatcher, PEOPLE, Prince Charles of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Princess Margaret, Queen Elizabeth II, ROYALTY/NOBILITY | Tagged Anne Tennant, Covent Garden, Governor Jerry Brown, lady in waiting, Margaret Thatcher, President Jimmy Carter, Princess Margaret, Princess Margaret in America, Queen Elizabeth II, Rhodesian independence, the British Royal Family, The crown netflix, The Royal Ballet | 7 Comments »
Pablo Picasso and sister Lola, 1888. (What’s up with the haircut, Pablo?)
Spanish painter Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) could draw before he could walk. According to his mother,
his first word was piz, short for the Spanish word lapiz, meaning pencil.“Pablito” asked for a pencil constantly and, once he got one in hand, would draw for hours, covering entire sheets of paper with countless spirals. (1)
A Spanish “caracola” filled with candied fruit and iced with a confectioner’s sugar glaze
In later interviews, Picasso revealed that his passion for spirals came from the caracola, or Spanish sticky bun, his favorite pastry. “Caracola” means “snail” in Spanish. Caracolas started with a single strip of dough wound tightly around the center, creating a spiraling snail-like design in the cake. Caracolas were served hot in the market stalls in Málaga, Spain, Picasso’s home for his first ten years.
Pablo found artistic inspiration in nature as well as at the breakfast table. With Málaga situated on the Costa Del Sol, Pablo would walk on the beach with his father, finding dazzling variety in the shells washing up on the Mediterranean shore.
Málaga, Spain
There were so many patterns, he discovered, spiralling and more!
Shells found on a beach in Málaga, Spain, Pablo Picasso’s birthplace. 2010
Pablo was entranced. From a young age, Pablo became a voracious collector of seashells as well as peach pits, pebbles, cherry stems, and leaves.
Picasso grew up and became very famous, but he never lost his early love for spirals and curvy, coiling lines.
Picasso Draws a Centaur, 1949
As an adult artist, he used spirals over and over again in his drawing and painting.
An undated Picasso line drawing of a Harlequin. image from book, Pablo Picasso, by Ernest Raboff)
“Two Dressed Models and a Sculpture of a Head” by Pablo Picasso, 1933. Notice the cascade of spiraling vines on all 3 heads.
Often Picasso’s predilection for curves and spirals would show up in his paintings of women’s breasts. (3)
(1) McNeese, Tim. Pablo Picasso. New York: Chelsea House, 2006.
(2) Lepscky, Ibi. Pablo Picasso. New York: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc., 1984.
(3) Penrose, Roland. Picasso, His Life and Work. Berkeley: The University of California, Icon Editions, 1973.
This is a repost.
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And how many ears must one man haveBefore he can hear people cry?Yes, and how many deaths will it take ’til he knowsThat too many people have died?
The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the windThe answer is blowin’ in the wind (1)
In 1964, the Beatles were in awe of songwriter Bob Dylan’s gift for lyrics, as evidenced here in the excerpt from Dylan’s 1962 classic song, “Blowin’ in the Wind.”
Bob Dylan, 1965
John Lennon wanted to meet Dylan but not as badly as he wanted to meet Elvis. Dylan, at 22, was a contemporary and a competitor, while Elvis had achieved mythic status for John. Elvis’ music had been the spark that moved him. John said,
‘Heartbreak Hotel’ was the most exciting thing we had ever heard.
John Lennon, 1964
John had to admit while Elvis’s rock and roll had captured his imagination and influenced his music, Dylan’s lyrics moved him to take more interest in his own lyric-writing.
Bob Dylan met the Beatles on August 28, 1964 at the Delmonico Hotel while the Beatles were in New York. Dylan introduced the Beatles to marijuana during that visit. And so began a long friendship between the Fabulous Four and Bob Dylan. Dylan’s lyrics turned John Lennon inward as a songwriter, expressing his feelings through his lyrics. Less and less, he wrote songs about holding hands and sharing secrets. Here is Lennon’s moody 1965 song, “Norwegian Wood” from the Beatles’ 1965 album, “Rubber Soul”:
I once had a girlOr should I say she once had meShe showed me her roomIsn’t it good Norwegian wood?
She asked me to stayAnd she told me to sit anywhereSo I looked aroundAnd I noticed there wasn’t a chair
I sat on a rug biding my timeDrinking her wineWe talked until two and then she said“It’s time for bed”
She told me she workedIn the morning and started to laughI told her I didn’tAnd crawled off to sleep in the bath
And when I awoke I was aloneThis bird had flownSo I lit a fireIsn’t it good Norwegian wood?
Posted in Beatles, the, Bob Dylan, PEOPLE | Tagged 1960s, Blowin in the Wind, Bob Dylan, Dylan meets the Beatles, John Lennon, Norwegian Wood, rubber soul, the delmonico hotel | Leave a Comment »
Lady Diana Spencer reads a romance novel by her favorite author, Barbara Cartland. Diana is probably 16 years old. Photo ca. 1977
Princess Diana (1961-1997) loved to read romantic fiction. She devoured novels by British author Barbara Cartland, of which there was an endless and steady supply. In her lifetime, Cartland (1901-2000) is credited with having written 723 books. In 1983 alone, she wrote 23 of them. She holds The Guinness Book of World Records for writing the most books in a single year.
Reclining on a chaise lounge at her home, Cartland dictated her hundreds of stories to her secretary. They both wore pink. Pink was Cartland’s signature color.
British romance novelist Barbara Cartland dictates stories to her secretary Jean Smith while relaxing at home in Camfield Place in Essendon, U.K.
Cartland, self-styled as the “Queen of Romance,” was a celebrity favorite with journalists as she was always holding forth on topics of the day, and sometimes saying outrageous and unprintable things such as speculating on the private parts of the exiled Duke and Duchess of Windsor.
She was well-known for her flamboyant appearance, resembling a fairy queen with cotton candy hair. Her dresses were ultra-girly, adorned with feathers, frills, flounces, fluff, and froth. She was heavily perfumed and glittered with jewels. Her thick make-up was more suited to the stage, and the end result was often clown-like. To achieve a more youthful look, she pulled back her cheeks with the application of sticking plaster (which, sadly, often showed). Her “forests of false eyelashes” were legendary, jet black, and preposterous. Her secret? In 1959, she wrote to a fan that, instead of mascara:
I use Meltonian black shoe cream for my eyelashes.” (1)
Barbara Cartland up close
In her writing as well as her appearance, Cartland was an accomplished illusionist. Her books were fairy tales of the most fantastic nature. In them, the young virgin heroine – usually with an exotic name like Vada, Lalitha, Syringa, Fenella, Kamala, or Anthea – always marries Prince Charming. They live happily ever after. They never quarrel, they don’t have affairs, and they certainly don’t divorce.
More than one of Diana’s Spencer’s acquaintances remarked on her dreamy nature. Photo ca. 1977
Not so in the Spencer household. From her earliest years, Princess Diana’s parents had had a troubled marriage, and her home was a scene of violent quarrels. Diana’s mother, Frances, felt as if her husband Johnnie Spencer, Viscount Spencer, treated her like a brood mare, sending her to fertility experts to explain why she had given birth to three girls in a row. He wanted a male heir to carry on the royal family line. Diana listened behind the door when her parents had a shouting match and her sister turned up the record player volume.
Frances did give birth to a boy, Charles, but the breach in the marriage had become, by then, an unbridgeable chasm.
When Diana was six, her mother left her four children and husband to pursue an affair in London with Peter Shand Kydd, also married. In 1968, she divorced Diana’s father, Johnnie Spencer, who, surprisingly for the times, was granted custody of the children. It is not surprising once you know that a surprise witness at the divorce hearing provided the damning testimony that decided in his favor. Testifying to Johnnie’s superior parenting skills was Frances’s own mother, Lady Fermoy, testifying against her daughter.
Three months after the divorce, Frances married Kydd and they moved to Scotland. With her two older sisters away at boarding school, only Diana and her younger brother Charles remained behind at Park House on the Queen’s royal Sandringham estate. Her father holed up, silently, in his study, abandoned.
The spirit of gaiety was gone from Park House along with Frances’s furniture.” (2)
A Hazard of Hearts (1948) by Barbara Cartland
Cartland’s novels provided young Diana Spencer with an escape into a fantasy dream world. Diana came to believe in the magical rescue power of princes, waiting for her prince to ride up and take her away to her own happy ending. Her life view was shaped by this unreality and it would pitch her into a cold marriage to a man whose heart already belonged to another.
No fairy tale is complete without a wicked stepmother, and, in July, 1976, Diana got one. Her name was Raine, Countess Dartmouth. By this time, the Spencers had moved into the family’s stately home of Althorp, as Diana’s grandfather had died, passing the earldom on to Johnnie. He became the 8th Earl Spencer and Diana became Lady Diana. Raine began an extensive remodeling of Althorp, proving unpopular with Diana and her siblings, who hated their new (wicked) stepmother, calling her “Acid Raine.” Johnnie, however, became very happy after his marriage to Raine.
Princess Diana, at right, stands with stepmother, Raine, Countess Spencer, middle, and a friend. Undated photo, ca. 1977
Now that you have seen this photo of Raine (above), you will not find it hard to believe that her mother was Barbara Cartland, Diana’s favorite novelist! That made Cartland Diana’s stepgrandmother. She learned of Diana’s love for her books and sent them to Diana by the cartload.
In 1977, Diana moved into Coleherne Court in South Kensington, London. Her roommates remember that she always got up before the meal was finished to clear the table. She hated dirty dishes. Diana loved to do the washing and ironing of shirts for friends. Her big sister Sarah paid her to clean her apartment. Diana was Cinderella, sweeping the hearth free of ashes.
Diana first revealed her crush on Prince Charles when on a ski holiday with friends in Val Claret in the French Alps. She surprised her friends one evening, saying that she was going to marry Charles AKA Prince Charming. According to those who knew her well, Diana kept herself chaste for her husband on their wedding night. (3)
Oxford student Adam Russell sits with Lady Diana Spencer. They are vacationing with a group in the French Alps. Russell is said to have had a ‘galumphing’ crush on Diana. Nothing, however, happened between them. According to royal author Andrew Morton, Mr Russell went travelling for a year, and when he returned to the UK in 1980 and told a friend that he liked Diana, he was told: ‘You’ve only got one rival, the Prince of Wales’. Source: The Daily Mail
And Lady Diana did indeed marry Prince Charles on July 29, 1981. Her fairy tale unfolded as she had imagined. Her father gave her away. She wore a confection of a dress with a 25 foot-long train. She rode to St. Paul’s Cathedral in a carriage. She became Her Royal Highness, Diana, Princess of Wales. When Charles became King one day, she would become his queen, and their son, a king, too.
Prince Charles and Princess Diana smile for their wedding photo. July 1981
As we all know, Diana’s life with Charles did not have a happy ending. Her marriage was miserable, ending in a nasty divorce (1996) which led to her disastrous loneliness and tragic death (1997). Diana’s story was a fractured fairy tale of the worst imaginable kind.
By the way, stepmother Raine attended the royal wedding. However, stepgrandmother Barbara Cartland – the fairy queen who nurtured this fairy tale of Diana’s – did not attend. Someone – maybe the Queen’s sister, Princess Margaret – considered her an embarrassment and did not want her there. We don’t know if she wasn’t invited OR was offered an invitation but declined because her seat was behind a column! Anyway, not being present at Diana’s wedding proved to be the biggest humiliation of Barbara Cartland’s life.
In 1993, Barbara Cartland remarked:
The only books Diana ever read were mine, and they weren’t terribly good for her.” (2)
In 1996, Cartland had figured out why the marriage had failed:
Of course, you know where it all went wrong. She wouldn’t do oral sex.”
Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned….
For more about Princess Diana, click here.
(1)
(2) Brown, Tina. The Diana Chronicles. New York: Doubleday, 2007.
(3)
a repost
Posted in Barbara Cartland, British Royal Family/Nobles, Duke and Duchess of Windsor, the, PEOPLE, Prince Charles of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, Princess Diana, Princess Margaret, Queen Elizabeth II, ROYALTY/NOBILITY | Tagged A Hazard of Hearts, Barbara Cartland, biographies of royal women, biographies of women, biographies of women writers, charles and camilla affair, Diana Spencer, Duke and Duchess of Windsor, Duke and Duchess of Windsor private parts, English Rose, fairy tale, Johnny Spencer, Lady Diana, pictures of Princess Diana, pictures of Princess Diana reading., pictures of Princess Diana young, Prince Charles, prince charming, Princess Diana, Princess Diana and Barbara Cartland, Princess Margaret, Queen Elizabeth, Queen of Hearts, Raine Spencer, romance novels, Sarah Spencer, wedding of diana and charles, writing | 1 Comment »
I am publishing a new book on Oct.17, Flickers of Light in a Nazi Darkness: Dutch Resistance in WWII. if you would like to read a free advanced reader copy on net galley, Follow the link at bottom.
summary:
Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, marking the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the Nazi dictatorship. As the tide of Nazism grew, so did anti-Jewish decrees which stripped away the rights of German Jews.
In May 1940, the Germans invaded and occupied the neutral country of the Netherlands. Little by little the Nazis took away the rights of the Dutch Jews and the only place they were safe was in their homes, until they weren’t. In 1942, Nazis conducted raids to deport them to labor and concentration camps. But not every Jew was caught. Thanks to the heroic action of Dutch resistance workers, at great risk to themselves, Dutch resistance workers hid Jews from the Nazis, and sought to keep them safe and fed through the long years of WWII. Not all of these efforts bore success, many Dutch workers were imprisoned and executed by the Nazis. Flickers of Light in a Nazi Darkness brings the story of some of these “Flickers of Light” resistance workers to life.
review:
Flickers of Light in a Nazi Darkness
This children’s nonfiction book highlights ordinary individuals who chose humanity during World War II’s darkest times.
In May 1940, Nazis invaded the Netherlands, leading to severe restrictions and deportations of Jews by 1942. Dutch resistance workers emerged, risking their lives to hide families, forge documents, and provide protection. Despite many failures and sacrifices, these “flickers of light” saved lives and dignity.
Ms Rogers shares specific stories of these heroes, making their sacrifices personal while contextualizing the Nazi takeover.
The book balances historical accuracy with emotional depth, avoiding graphic details for young readers but maintaining the truth. It honors victims, celebrates resisters, and inspires hope and moral urgency.
This book fosters appreciation for freedom’s cost. Heart wrenching yet uplifting, it shows that individual bravery can shine through darkness.
**I would like to express my gratitude to NetGalley and the publisher for providing me with the opportunity to read this book in exchange for an honest review.
#ARC
#NetGalley
#FlickersOfLightInANaziDarkness
Posted in The Holocaust | Tagged Dutch Resistance WW2, Flickers of Light in a Nazi Darkness: Dutch Resistance in WWI, Nazi ocupation of the Netherlands, rescuers of Jewish children in Holland, The Holocaust, WWII | Leave a Comment »
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